Material Safety Data Sheet: Potassium Metavanadate

Identification

Chemical Name: Potassium Metavanadate
Synonyms: Potassium vanadate, Metavanadic acid potassium salt
CAS Number: 1375-36-8
Molecular Formula: KVO3
Molecular Weight: 138.04 g/mol
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, catalyst ingredient and manufacturing applications
Supplier Details: Manufacturer name, postal address, emergency contact details, phone number, and email address present on product packaging and invoices
Emergency Numbers: Local poison center and transport authority information available in relevant local language
Emergency Overview: White, odorless, crystalline powder; toxic if swallowed, inhaled or with prolonged skin contact; environmental hazard

Hazard Identification

Hazard Classes: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), specific target organ toxicity, aquatic toxicity
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed; harmful if inhaled; causes serious eye damage; causes skin irritation; suspected of causing genetic defects; may cause cancer; very toxic to aquatic organisms
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, health hazard, exclamation mark, environment
Precautionary Statements: Do not handle unless training received; wear protective gloves, clothing, eye protection; avoid breathing dust or fume; wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling; keep away from food, drink or animal feed and out of reach of children

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Substance: Potassium Metavanadate
Chemical Formula: KVO3
Concentration: 99-100% by weight
Impurities: Trace amounts of potassium vanadate, moisture, negligible heavy metals
CAS Number: 1375-36-8
Other Components: No significant additives or blended agents

First Aid Measures

Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek immediate medical attention, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, consult physician
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses, continue rinsing, obtain medical assistance if irritation persists
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep at rest and warm, give oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek urgent medical advice
Symptoms of Exposure: Coughing, dizziness, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, rash or redness

Fire-Fighting Measures

Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, water spray; avoid using water jets directly on burning material
Specific Hazards: Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions, including vanadium oxides and potassium oxides
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant suit, boots and gloves
Firefighting Procedures: Avoid inhalation of combustion products; keep containers cool with water spray; prevent runoff from entering waterways; ventilate area after fire extinguished; watch for reignition
Combustion Products: Irritating, harmful metal oxide fumes

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, ventilate area, wear appropriate respiratory protection, chemical-resistant clothing, and eye protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent material from reaching drains, surface waters, and soil; notify environmental authorities if large quantities released
Spill Cleanup Methods: Contain and collect spillage with non-combustible absorbent (sand, earth); sweep up and transfer to suitable labelled containers for disposal; decontaminate surfaces with plenty of water; avoid generating and breathing dust
Decontamination: Wash affected area with water and suitable detergent; dispose of cleaning materials in accordance with local regulations

Handling and Storage

Handling: Only use in well-ventilated areas; minimize dust generation; avoid ingestion, inhalation, skin and eye contact; wear designated personal protective equipment; wash hands thoroughly after handling; prohibit eating, drinking and smoking; containers should remain closed when not in use; use tools and equipment designed for corrosive solids
Storage: Store locked up, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated space, away from acids, reducing agents, organic materials and water sources; keep container tightly sealed and upright; label shelves and containers clearly; segregate from incompatible chemicals such as strong acids and bases; inspect container regularly for leaks or corrosion

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Occupational Exposure Limits: Threshold limit value (TLV) for vanadium compounds (as V): 0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction); consult local regulatory authorities for permissible exposure standards
Engineering Controls: Use exhaust ventilation, enclosure, or process isolation to reduce airborne concentrations; install safety showers and eyewash stations near work area
Personal Protective Equipment: NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator with HEPA filter, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), impervious apron, chemical goggles, and face shield; do not wear contact lenses in dusty or highly corrosive environments
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing before entering eating or restroom areas; launder clothing separately from household laundry; shower and change clothes at the end of shift

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: White to colorless crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 540°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Soluble in water
Density: 2.79 g/cm³
pH (1% solution): Approximately 9.0
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable (non-volatile solid)
Partition Coefficient (octanol/water): Not determined
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
Flammability: Not combustible

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; sensitive to moisture and strong acids
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with strong acids to release toxic vanadium oxide fumes; reacts with reducing agents producing heat and gases
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, reducing agents, oxidizing substances, organic materials
Decomposition Products: Vanadium oxides, potassium oxides under fire or high-temperature conditions
Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization does not occur under normal conditions

Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): approx. 27 mg/kg; skin and inhalation effects considered highly toxic
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes severe irritation and possible burns
Serious Eye Damage: Causes pain, tearing, redness, corneal damage
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: May cause allergic reactions, asthma-like symptoms
Carcinogenicity: IARC classifies vanadium compounds as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B)
Mutagenicity: Animal studies suggest mutagenic potential
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal testing indicates possible risk to reproductive organs
Chronic Exposure Effects: Prolonged exposure at low levels may affect kidney, liver, respiratory system and cause CNS effects

Ecological Information

Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: Highly toxic to aquatic life at low concentrations, acute and long-term effects expected in aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Inorganic compound, does not degrade biologically
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Readily soluble and mobile in moist soils and water bodies
Other Adverse Effects: Disrupts aquatic ecosystems, toxic to algae, invertebrates and fish; limits water re-use if released

Disposal Considerations

Disposal Methods: Dispose of in accordance with local, state, national and international regulations as hazardous waste
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly, puncture or crush before disposal, ship to approved hazardous landfill
Prohibited Disposal: Do not discharge to sewage, stormwater, or surface water
Waste Codes: Assign waste code according to jurisdiction and vanadium content
Recycling Statement: No feasible recycling options for most end-users; consult hazardous waste service

Transport Information

UN Number: 2864
UN Proper Shipping Name: Vanadium Compounds, n.o.s. (Potassium Metavanadate)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Labeling Requirements: Toxic, Environmental Hazard symbols
Special Precautions: Keep away from food and feedstuffs; transport upright and secured; report accidental releases immediately to authorities
Transport in Bulk: Comply with regulations under IMDG, IATA, DOT, ADR

Regulatory Information

OSHA Status: Regulated hazardous substance under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA Inventory: Listed in US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
SARA Title III: Reportable under SARA Sections 302, 313 due to vanadium content
EU Regulation (EC) 1272/2008: Classified as acute toxicity, specific organ toxicity, hazardous to aquatic environment
WHMIS Classification (Canada): D1A, D2A (very toxic material, carcinogen, mutagen)
Risk Phrases: R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed; R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin; R45 May cause cancer
Safety Phrases: S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately; S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately
Other Regulations: Check for country or region-specific handling and reporting requirements based on vanadium content or environmental impact