Material Safety Data Sheet: Oxovanadium

1. Identification

Product Name: Oxovanadium
Synonyms: Vanadyl oxide, Vanadium oxide(IV), Vanadyl(IV) oxide
Chemical Formula: VO
CAS Number: 1314-62-1
Use: Used in ceramics, glass manufacturing, catalysts, chemical synthesis, research applications
Supplier Information: Information includes company address, emergency phone numbers, and contact for safety specialist

2. Hazard Identification

Classification: Classified as hazardous based on GHS and OSHA standards
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Harmful if inhaled, causes serious eye and skin irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, suspected of causing genetic defects, may damage fertility or the unborn child, toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
Pictograms: Health hazard, exclamation mark, environment
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash thoroughly after handling, use protective gloves and eye/face protection, avoid release to the environment, handle in a well-ventilated area, call poison center or physician if feeling unwell

3. Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Identity: Oxovanadium
Component Percent: 100% by weight
Impurities or Stabilizing Additives: No known significant impurities
Molecular Weight: 66.94 g/mol

4. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, seek medical attention if any symptoms persist, loosen clothing to make breathing easier
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for several minutes, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical attention if irritation continues
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present, seek medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, seek immediate medical advice, do not induce vomiting without medical supervision
Most Important Symptoms: Irritation, coughing, headache, nausea, dizziness, delayed effects to liver or kidneys with repeated exposure

5. Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use water jet directly
Specific Hazards: Emits toxic fumes of vanadium oxides when heated or during combustion, fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective suits
Firefighting Procedures: Isolate hazard area, move containers from fire if safe, use water spray to cool containers, prevent runoff from reaching waterways

6. Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Wear appropriate protective equipment including respiratory protection, avoid contact with skin or eyes, prevent dust formation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to sewers or waterways, contain spill to smallest area possible, notify authorities if large discharge impacts environment
Methods for Clean-Up: Collect spilled material using HEPA-filtered vacuum or damp sweeping, place in labeled containers for disposal, ventilate area, wash contaminated surfaces with water and detergent

7. Handling and Storage

Handling: Use local exhaust or general ventilation to minimize exposure, avoid generating dust, handle with gloves and eye protection, wash hands thoroughly after handling, do not eat or drink in work areas
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated location, keep away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizers, label all containers clearly
Special Precautions: Only trained personnel should handle this material, do not allow product to contaminate clothing

8. Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLV for vanadium (as V): 0.05 mg/m³ (dust, fume) TWA
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits
Personal Protective Equipment: Respiratory protection with NIOSH-approved respirators, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), laboratory coat or other protective clothing, safety shoes
Hygiene Measures: Change contaminated clothing, wash hands and face after use, do not store food or beverages near working area

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Blue-black crystalline solid or powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 1780 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Density: 4.5 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in acids
pH: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Partition Coefficient (Octanol/Water): Not available
Flash Point: Not flammable
Explosive Limits: Non-explosive
Viscosity: Not applicable

10. Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressure
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with strong acids to release toxic fumes, may form explosive mixtures with alkali metals or strong oxidizers
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid excessive dust formation, avoid heat, moisture, and incompatible materials
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Vanadium oxides, toxic metal fumes

11. Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory system, coughing, headache, metallic taste, gastrointestinal upset
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure affects lungs, liver, kidneys; animal studies indicate possible carcinogenicity; reproductive and developmental toxicity reported in some studies
Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): >2000 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat): not determined
Carcinogenicity: Not classified by IARC; ACGIH: A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans)
Mutagenicity: Some evidence from animal studies; more research needed
Other Data: No data on human reproductive toxicity

12. Ecological Information

Aquatic Toxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, possible adverse effects on aquatic environments due to high persistence
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility due to low solubility, high particle affinity
Persistence and Degradability: Non-biodegradable
Bioaccumulative Potential: Potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
Other Adverse Effects: Can disrupt microorganism activity in water or soil; toxic to daphnia and algae

13. Disposal Considerations

Waste Treatment Methods: Disposal must follow local, regional, and national regulations, incineration under controlled conditions at licensed facility
Product Disposal: Do not release into environment, collect in sealed containers for hazardous waste collection
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly before recycling or disposal, treat as hazardous waste
Special Precautions: Consult authorities for proper disposal procedures, do not neutralize with household chemicals

14. Transport Information

UN Number: 3288
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s. (contains Oxovanadium)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Transport Notes: Protect containers from physical damage, keep away from incompatible goods and foodstuffs during transit
Label Requirements: Toxic, environmentally hazardous substance

15. Regulatory Information

OSHA: Hazardous chemical, requires hazard communication
EPA: Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory listed
SARA Title III Sections 302, 304, 313: Reportable quantity may apply, listed as a toxic chemical
REACH (Europe): Requires registration and authorization, subject to restrictions due to eco-toxicity
Other Regulations: Right-to-Know lists include this substance in several states (California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania); workplace exposure limits apply; transport regulated by DOT and IMDG
Labelling: GHS labelling mandatory for shipping and handling